Chapter 1 Policy background，objectives，and tasks of National Pediatric Cancer Surveillance

1 Policy background of National Pediatric Cancer Surveillance

Cancer is a serious disease that greatly threatens Chinese people's health.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council attach great importance to cancer prevention and control，on which General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important instructions and requirements.Premier Li Keqiang pointed out in the 2019 Government Work Report：tens of thousands of families in China have been affected by cancer.It is necessary to carry out cancer prevention and screening，early diagnosis and treatment，and scientific research to tackle relevant critical problems.It was proposed at the executive meeting of the State Council in February 2019 concerning the vital work of cancer prevention and treatment：“it is necessary to strengthen early screening and early diagnosis and treatment of cancer，establish and improve the system of diagnosis and treatment of cancer，and strengthen the protection of drugs for prevention and treatment of cancer.The next step is to improve the cancer registration and reporting system，speed up the promotion of early screening and early diagnosis and treatment of cancer，enhance the professional capacity at the primary level，and increase the publicity of anti-cancer science.Particular emphasis is placed on promoting pediatric oncology，strengthening the allocation of relevant professional human resources，and comprehensively improving the ability of various disciplines related to cancer diagnosis and treatment.”

On June 12，2019，the National Health Commission（hereinafter referred to as the NHC）approved the National Center for Children's Health（Beijing），Beijing Children's Hospital，and Capital Medical University to establish the National Center for Pediatric Cancer Surveillance（hereinafter referred to as the NCPCS）that serves to build a children's cancer surveillance system and carry out national child cancer surveillance.On July 31，2019，the NHC and other five ministries jointly issued The Notice on the Medical Treatment and Security Management of Children's Hematological Diseases and Cancers（Medical Letter No.50 of the NHC［2019］），which clearly put forward：“improve the diagnostics and therapeutics，improve the management and treatment level：improve the drug supply and comprehensive security system.”On September 17，2019，the General Office of the NHC issued The Circular on the Registration and Management of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Information of Children's Hematological Diseases and Cancers（Medical Letter No.737 of the NHC［2019］），which proposed that“great attention should be paid to the work of information registration.The surveillance platform's docking with the universal health information platform and medical institutions' hospital information system should be actively promoted.”On January 14，2020，the General Office of the NHC issued The Notice on Better Treatment and Management of Major Pediatric Diseases（Medical Letter No.22 of the NHC［2020］），clearly proposing to“continue to promote information registration，clarify the main body of responsibility for information registration，and strengthen the use of registration data and information.”On February 22，2021，the General Office of the NHC and other five departments jointly issued The Notice on further expanding the scope of Children's Hematological Diseases and Cancers for the Medical Treatment and Security Management（Medical Letter No.107 of the NHC［2021］），which clearly put forward“further improve the diagnosis and treatment system for childhood hematological diseases and cancers：continue to improve the level of medical service capabilities，improve medical security policies，and strengthen case management registration.”